第三、 VOA Special English是很好的听力材料，但是你已经听够了，给点信心自己，听一些外国人正常语速的东西。你不可能要求外国人用Special English的语速说话给你听。事实上Special English和正常的说话之间的差别并不是大家想的那么小，而语速对听力的影响更不是想象中那么微弱，往往是起了决定性的影响的。因为正常语速跟慢速之间不同的地方实在太多，譬如连读、省略、轻读、模糊等等，这些都是影响听懂与否的关键要素。Special English里全是完整的句子，可是实际上正常的说话表达才不需要那么正儿八经呢？你是否有信心听懂？况且Special English里更遇不到丰富的词汇，复杂的结构。听了几个月或半年的特别英语，别想自己还是特别的了，听听正常的东西吧。但是，我还认为，VOA Special English应该不间断的听，只是不能把重点放在上面了。因为VOA Special English不但是入门英语中不可多得的听力材料，也是纠正发音的绝佳材料。无论你英语学习到达了什么程度，我到希望你能够不断听Special English。
第九、 关注一下常用的单词。外国人说话不是每一句都用你不懂的单词说的。你听不懂的往往就是最常用的，而且是你已经掌握了的单词。只是它们在常速、连读、略音下使你以为是生词而已。相信大家已经深有体会了。那些是常用的单词？在听力中譬如have，go，you，where，when，him，them等等就是（当然还有其他啦）。在这里，VOA Special English有好与不好的地方。它能让你清楚这些常用单词的发音，它不能让你知道正常的交际中这些单词怎样发音。
1． 必须给自己创造一个尽量真实的语言环境
置身于一个处处可闻英语的环境，尽可能多地接受英语信号对自己听觉的刺激，随着熟悉度的加深，对捕捉到的英语的反映速度也会加快。提高听力是不能脱离语言环境的。如何置身于这样的一个环境呢？学英语之初，我曾问过一个美国朋友，他说：最好的方法是“Go to the United”，其次是“Marry an American”。当我表示实施起来有很大难度时，他说，那么其他有效的方法就是“watch American movies”。因为看完一部电影，就仿佛是在美国呆了两个小时，而学到的东西是你在美国两天、甚至两个星期都不一定能掌握的。我对此有很深的体会。在我教授电影课期间，很多学生的听力水平突飞猛进，就是由于电影为他们提供了一个真实的语言环境。
第三、 VOA Special English是很好的听力材料，但是你已经听够了，给点信心自己，听一些外国人正常语速的东西。你不可能要求外国人用Special English的语速说话给你听。事实上Special English和正常的说话之间的差别并不是大家想的那么小，而语速对听力的影响更不是想象中那么微弱，往往是起了决定性的影响的。因为正常语速跟慢速之间不同的地方实在太多，譬如连读、省略、轻读、模糊等等，这些都是影响听懂与否的关键要素。Special English里全是完整的句子，可是实际上正常的说话表达才不需要那么正儿八经呢？你是否有信心听懂？况且Special English里更遇不到丰富的词汇，复杂的结构。听了几个月或半年的特别英语，别想自己还是特别的了，听听正常的东西吧。但是，我还认为，VOA Special English应该不间断的听，只是不能把重点放在上面了。因为VOA Special English不但是入门英语中不可多得的听力材料，也是纠正发音的绝佳材料。无论你英语学习到达了什么程度，我到希望你能够不断听Special English。
第九、 关注一下常用的单词。外国人说话不是每一句都用你不懂的单词说的。你听不懂的往往就是最常用的，而且是你已经掌握了的单词。只是它们在常速、连读、略音下使你以为是生词而已。相信大家已经深有体会了。那些是常用的单词？在听力中譬如have，go，you，where，when，him，them等等就是（当然还有其他啦）。在这里，VOA Special English有好与不好的地方。它能让你清楚这些常用单词的发音，它不能让你知道正常的交际中这些单词怎样发音。
学英语听和说的最好方法是生活在英语环境中，天天听英语，说英语。但是我没有这样的条件。没有条件可以创造条件，在半导体收录机如此普及的今天，听英语录音就是一个切实可行的办法。我当时学习的劲头很大，先后学习过The Man Who Escape《逃跑的人》、English for Today一Book Four：The Changing Technology《今日英语——第四册：日新月异的科技》、《英语900句》等书和录音带。学的时候对着书看，似乎没有什么不明白的地方。但一年左右下来，花的功夫不少，收获却不大，英语水平（听、说和快速阅读能力等）并没有什么明显的提高，好像碰到了一个很不容易逾越的壁垒。在这种情况下，我很苦闷和仿惶：进一步学习提高吧，好像困难重重，难以取得什么突破性的进展；但是放下不学吧，工作中确实需要，而且我当时单身一人在沈阳，业余时间没有什么事可做，所以还是想学英语。但是怎么学呢？请教一位专职英语翻译，他说，“我们在外语学院专门学了好几年，也不是都能听懂，你已经45岁了，恐怕困难更多。”听了他的这番话，使我认识到学习英语的艰巨性，打消了急于求成的思想，做好了长期作战的准备。一天，我突然回想起我听懂京戏唱词的过程：40年代末从南方到了北京以后，觉得京戏很好听，可是听不懂，不知道哼哼呀呀唱的什么。60年代初我与一位京戏迷住在一起，他有很多京戏唱片。我问他怎样才能听懂京戏，他说京戏很程式化，只要一字一字地听懂几出就好办了。此后只要一放唱片，他就一句一句地告诉我唱的是什么词。
听有关菲律宾反对党领袖阿基诺被刺的消息时，不断地听到 tar mac一词，根据发音找不着，后来请教一美国工程师，才知道是“柏油碎石路”，是从tar macadam一词简化而来的。又如一次录下 The peace talks between Iran and Iraq went into square one这样一句话，根据上下文推测出是两伊和谈没有取得什么进展的意思，但是手头的词典上没有square one这个词组，无法确切得知是否听写对了，因此见人就问。后来拿着录音给一个从加拿大回来的博士听，他肯定了我听写的是对的。我并没有到此为止，到处找词典，最后终于在The Penguin Dictionary of English ldioms上找到了如下有关back to square one的解释：Back to square one一back to the very beginning of some task or enterprise as a result of a setback. The allusion is to the game of Ludo when a player is sent to square one if he lands on the wrong square.这样，对于这个词的来历就知道了。知道了就有用，China Daily l990年7月7日有一个标题是这样写的：Back to square one on talks over Northern Ireland
How can I speak English better?
How can I communicate better in English?
How can I express myself better in English?
How can I listen to and understand English better?
How can I improve?
What does taking control of the English language mean?
You speak English at an advanced level. You speak it fluently and you use it every day, yet you aren’t satisfied with your ability. You feel like you can’t express yourself the way you want to. When you can’t say what you want to say or need to say in the manner that you would like to, it might not leave you with the best feeling you could possibly have. There is only one thing to do about it. You must take control of the English language. What does taking control of the English language mean? It does not mean taking control of the entire language. It means taking control of the English language that is yours; the English language that you have. It means using the English that you already have to get more. It means taking responsibility for your own learning.
You might tell yourself that you want to have private instruction with an English language tutor. Great idea! However, there is something you should know and be well aware of. What happens during the time that you meet with an English language tutor is very important, but what happens during the time between your meetings with an English language tutor is even more important. The proactive steps that you take in order to improve have a direct effect on what it is you get out of the time and money that you spend with an English language tutor. In order to receive the maximum benefit possible for the money you spend on a tutor, you must dedicate a sufficient amount of time to studying between each lesson. Of course, the amount of time that anyone is able to dedicate to studying will vary, but nevertheless, it must be done. Furthermore, there are a number of things you should do leading up to the time that you decide to pick up the phone and make that call. So you ask, what is it that I need to do? What can I do on my own?
Read to Increase your Vocabulary
You need to increase your vocabulary. You need to build your lexicon. You need to learn more idiomatic expressions. Does this mean studying vocabulary lists? No. Does that mean buying books that list idiomatic expressions in English and their meanings? That may or may not be helpful. Does it mean going to the Internet and studying idiomatic expressions that are listed at websites? Perhaps, but that wouldn’t be all. Does it mean learning the word of the day that is given by online dictionaries? No! You need to build a personal lexicon. You need to maintain a lexical notebook. You need to learn words and expressions that are interesting to you and will be useful to you. You need to learn words and expressions that are part of your environment. Where can you find these words and expressions? You can find them by listening to the radio, by listening to those that you speak with on a daily basis, and by even listening to those that you don’t speak with. You don’t have to converse with someone in order to listen to someone. Of course, you can find new words and expressions by choosing challenging reading material that is interesting to you: newspaper and magazine articles, books, short stories. In order to start building your new lexicon, I suggest starting by finding something to read.
Now that you have chosen something interesting to read, here is what you need to do. You need to write down the words and expressions that you don’t understand. Take note of the page number and paragraph that the words or expressions are on as you read. After you are done reading, go back to the words and expressions that you didn’t understand and write them in your lexical notebook. Leave space to write an explanation or a definition. From the context, see if you can figure out what the words or expressions mean. After you have done this, go to a dictionary. For idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs that you are unfamiliar with, I strongly recommend taking advantage of Cambridge Dictionaries Online. It is important that you practice these new words and expressions by writing your own sentences. This is helpful in incorporating them into your daily conversations and speaking habits. Don’t be overwhelmed by thinking you have to read a lot. Read what is good for you. If you come across too many words and expressions that you don’t recognize, it might be a good idea to find some less challenging reading material. What you read should be challenging, but it should not be so challenging that it might be discouraging.
Using Radio to Listen to and Understand English Better
Listen to the news on the radio. Listen to talk shows. Generally speaking, radio announcers that report the news speak clearly, use good vocabulary, and also use idiomatic expressions. If you have a computer, you can listen to news reports from National Public Radio and the British Broadcasting Corporation (NPR and the BBC). You can usually find a RealPlayer link to listen to news stories from both of these resources. However, listening to the radio will suffice as well. If you can, it would be a good idea to record a ten to fifteen minute segment of a news show or any broadcast that might interest you. Take note of any words or expressions that sound unfamiliar to you. Write them down in your lexical notebook. If you were able to record what you listened to, listen to it again to see if you can figure out what the new words and expressions mean through the context that they are used in. If you are unable to figure out what something means, then by all means go to a dictionary. Once again, I suggest using Cambridge Dictionaries Online for a comprehensive overview of any single word. Cambridge Dictionaries Online is a very good resource in that it demonstrates how words are used in idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs. Cambridge Dictionaries also point out any important secondary definitions that a word might have.
Pay attention to what you hear wherever you go. If you are on a bus or a train, listen to what people say and how they say it. If you are in a supermarket, a shopping mall or any other public place where you can hear others speak, open your ears and try to listen. Take note of what you hear. Jot it down in a small pocket size notebook. Later, you can add it to your lexical notebook. If you pay attention, you are eventually bound to hear at least one word or one expression that is new to you. When you hear it, write it down. Find out what it means later. Learn it. Use it.
When learning new words and expressions, it is important to take note of whether these words and expressions are used in an informal context or a formal context. Many words and expressions are used both formally and informally. If you aren’t sure of exactly how to use a new word or expression, you can try them out with work colleagues and friends. Find people to converse with. They may not be instructive in any way, but you can try out new ways to express yourself. You should also listen as closely as possible when you converse. Listen for anything that sounds different, new, or unfamiliar. If the circumstance permits, don’t be afraid to take out your pocket notebook and write it down. If you say something that isn't quite right, the person you are speaking with might take note of it and let you know. If you aren’t sure of something you said or would like to say, then ask about it. If you hear something and you don’t know what it means, ask about that as well. Some, or even many people, may not view themselves as "teachers" per se, but most native speakers of English should be able to assist you in this manner. I believe most people would be glad to help. It is of the utmost importance to not be afraid to ask questions. That’s part of taking control of the English language. That’s part of making the English language your language. English is not your first language, but there is no reason why it cannot be your language. Get a notebook. Get something to read. Find something to listen to on the radio. Take control of the English language now.
I think it will be good to start with very simple English. If you want to start at the very basic, see if you can find any tapes that also have a book with pictures to go with the audio but without any Chinese. Then your mind can associate the audio with the pictures. The very basic will be very simple nouns, e.g. cat, dog, cow, etc. This is how you can build up your word association mechanism so that as soon as you see a picture, you don't have to think in Chinese before you can say the English word for it. If you cannot find any, let me know and I will see about getting a list of simple words recorded and making it available for you to download, and then you can draw the pictures yourself in a notebook.
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